Lagardes utfordring
Av Olav Anders Øvrebø - 22.6.2012 15:45Øverst på prioriteringslisten må EU sette en genuin bankunion, som IMF mener er “kritisk”:
The immediate priority is concrete action toward a banking union for the euro area. The proposed EU framework for harmonized national bank resolution processes is a necessary first step. But it needs to go further. A deposit guarantee scheme needs to be established at the regional level to help break the links between domestic banks and their sovereigns, and support depositor confidence. A common bank resolution authority is also needed. It should be backed by a common resolution fund to ensure burden sharing and to limit fiscal costs. These efforts should be supported by a common supervisory and macro-prudential framework to forestall further financial fragmentation. While a banking union is desirable at the EU27 level, it is critical for the euro 17.
I så fall snakker vi altså om bankene i eurolandene ikke lenger er “tyske” eller “spanske”, men europeiske. Vanskelig å svelge for flere enn tyskerne.
EU må også definere et veikart mot felles ansvar for statsgjeld, mener IMF. Altså de i Tyskland fryktede eurobonds. I første omgang kan dette innføres for lån med kort løpetid:
Introduction of a limited form of common debt, with appropriate governance safeguards, can provide an intermediate step towards fiscal integration and risk sharing. Such debt securities could, at first, be restricted to shorter maturities and small size and be conditional on more centralized control (e.g., limited to countries that deliver on policy commitments; veto powers over national deficits; pledging of national tax revenues). Common bonds/bills financing could, for example, be used to provide the backstops for the common frameworks within the banking union.
Dette er ideen om “eurobills” som har sirkulert en stund (eller en variant av den).
Lagarde har også et innspill om graden og farten i nedskjæringer og innstramminger som blir lagt merke til:
Fiscal consolidation should proceed decisively and credibly where market pressure is high, but more gradually elsewhere to help support demand in the region. To this end, it is important to focus on fiscal targets expressed in structural, not nominal, terms, and anchor them by fully-specified multi-year plans. In this context, the flexible implementation of the current fiscal framework is essential.
Som FT skriver: “In other words, liberalise your economy to get growth going in order to deal with debt; don’t simply cut and tax to get there.”
Tags: bankunion, Christine Lagarde, Eurobonds, eurokrisen, IMF